鲍勃迪伦歌词译集「歌词究竟该如何翻译鲍勃迪伦的这首歌不同版本有差异」
这首歌因其反战内涵而被广为传唱,也被世界各地的摇滚乐爱好者奉为圭臬。
鲍勃·迪伦的音乐以歌词见长,擅长用意象表达诗意。因而只有真正读懂歌词,才能听懂他的音乐。对于许多中国听众而言,这就需要借助中文翻译。然而不同译者对歌词会有不同理解,贡献出不同译本。
新华社资料图歌词
诺贝尔文学奖得主、美国民谣歌手鲍勃·迪伦近期发行了长达17分钟的新单曲,关注人类历史上那些丑恶的暗杀。其最为世人熟知的作品是汤姆·汉克斯主演的电影《阿甘正传》中的插曲《Blowin’ in the Wind》。
这首歌因其反战内涵而被广为传唱,也被世界各地的摇滚乐爱好者奉为圭臬。
鲍勃·迪伦的音乐以歌词见长,擅长用意象表达诗意。因而只有真正读懂歌词,才能听懂他的音乐。对于许多中国听众而言,这就需要借助中文翻译。然而不同译者对歌词会有不同理解,贡献出不同译本。
新华社资料图
歌词翻译对译者提出更多要求。“诗译英法唯一人”的许渊冲教授在谈到译诗时,提出了“意美、音美和形美”的标准。所谓“意美”,就是既忠于原文意思,又保留原文意境;“音美”,是指注重原文节奏和音律,实现译文读者对音的审美和感悟;而“形美”,就要求译者兼顾内容和形式,保留原文形式结构特点,使译文形神兼备。此外,由于英汉两种语言在语音方面存在差异,很难在歌词译文中保留原有英文音步节奏,译者应力求在译作中再现节奏,使歌词译文节奏与乐曲相匹配。
笔者找来了网易云音乐和QQ音乐两大音乐平台上《Blowin’ in the Wind》歌词的中文翻译,以及一个颇为流行的七言“古诗体”译本进行比较,并选取其中较为重要的几句进行比较。通过对照译文平行文本,不难发现三个版本在下列方面存在差异:
第一,意思分歧。歌词第一句“How many roads must a man walk down”中的“a man”,网易云音乐和古风版处理成 “男人”“男儿”,而QQ音乐则处理成了“一个人”,这种差异来源于英文原文的多义性,“man”既可以指“男人”,也可以泛指“人”;第二,字数差异。这一点在“The answer, my friend, is blowing in the wind”这一句体现得最为明显:QQ音乐版保留原文句式,翻译成“那答案,我的朋友,飘零在风中”,字数与英文接近。网易云音乐版将原文中三个小分句合并成两个,翻译为“朋友,答案在风中飘荡”。古风版则无视原文句子长度,沿袭了译文一贯的七言风格,翻译为“吾友何妨听吾言”;第三,韵律感不同。QQ音乐版多有押韵之处,古风版有多句押韵,韵脚为“an”,网易云音乐版未注重押韵的问题;第四,表达完整度不同。网易云音乐版把“Before it is washed to the sea”翻译成了“才能回归到大海”,增加“回归”的意思,显得有些多余。QQ音乐版将其翻译成“才是沧海桑田”,并未完全遵照字面意思,属于意译,但也算是符合原文的意境。而古风版则译为“终随霜涛化桑田”,“霜涛”是原文中不存在的意象,属于译者的臆断,而“桑田”是指大海变陆地的过程,与原文正好相反,让人摸不着头脑;第五,措辞选取不同。例如,“Till he knows that too many people have died”一句中“died”(死亡),网易云音乐版选用了“已故”,QQ音乐选用了“死亡”,古风版则选用了“深堕”。
这三个版本的译文各有优劣,应了翻译界常说的一句话:“没有最好的译本,只有更好的译本”。QQ音乐版和网易云音乐版歌词符合歌词翻译的要求,至少在意思上较为忠于原文,如能在韵律感上做一些改进,就能和歌曲旋律更加合拍。
古风版除了七言形式产生的韵律感之外,乏善可陈,存在很多问题。且不说原歌词中每句字数并不一致,统一用七言古风体来翻译显得有些僵硬,像《答案在风中飘荡》这类在歌词及形式上强调自由的音乐,未必适合古风体翻译,用此来翻译这首民谣摇滚,显得有些不伦不类,失掉了原本的味道。
再如,古风版将“Before they’re allowed to be free”(才能获得自由)翻译为“浑噩受苦难安恬”,令人一头雾水,将“Before he can hear people cry”(才能听到人们呐喊)翻译成“亿兆沦为刀下魂”,让人毛骨悚然。译者在进行歌词翻译时,理应充分顾及音乐和语言的多元性,而不是得其形而失其神,令歌词效果大打折扣。应当先做到“信”,再求所谓“达”“雅”。先得“意美”,再图“音美”和“形美”。
此前,也有人将电影《冰雪奇缘》的主题曲《Let It Go》翻译成古体的《如释冰》,引发很大争议。类似的古风体翻译也大行其是,受到很多人的热捧,但有些翻译却未必经得起推敲。这种尝试固然勇气可嘉,但实际操作中却存在很多问题。有些译者为了强行押韵,完全不顾歌词原文语境和风格刻意拼凑,甚至不惜任意增删原文意象,近乎二次创作,颇有“炫技”之嫌,很难算得上忠实的翻译。
也有些译者,自身古文水平有限,选用一些牵强附会的表达,使译文读起来不知所云。原本应当隐形的译者,化身成为表演者,而让作者退到了幕后。这样的翻译既没有必要,也没有意义。笔者并不推荐单纯为了译成古诗体而用古诗体翻译歌词的做法,而应在当用时用,且用得恰到好处,切忌译得不文不白,不伦不类。作为观者必须承认,古风体的出现说明了作品本身的受欢迎程度,但译者更应该明白,只有作品的荣耀归于作者,译者方能与有荣焉。
来源:北京晚报
作者:一勺风
流程编辑:TF020
椴嶅媰路杩浼︾殑姝 Mr.Tambourine Man 姝岃瘝鎬庢牱缈昏瘧姣旇緝濂
Hey! Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me,鍢匡紒閾冮紦鍏堢敓锛屼负鎴戝忎竴鏇
Im not sleepy and there is no place Im going to.
鎴戝皻鏈鍏ョ湢锛屼笖鏃犲勫彲褰
Hey! Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me,
鍢匡紒閾冮紦鍏堢敓锛屼负鎴戝忎竴鏇
In the jingle jangle morning Ill come followin you.
鍦ㄨ繖閾块數浣滃搷鐨勬棭鏅ㄨ╂垜涓庝綘鍚屽幓
Though I know that evenins empire has returned into sand,
灏界℃垜鐭ラ亾锛岄粍鏄忕殑甯濆浗閰嶉攢涓炬棭宸插綊鏂煎皹鍦
Vanished from my hand,
鑷鎴戠殑鎺屽績娑堥
Left me blindly here to stand but still not sleeping.
鐣欎笅鎴戠洸鐒跺湪姝や极绔嬶紝鍗翠簡鏃犲洶鎰
My weariness amazes me, Im branded on my feet,
鎴戞儕濂囨柤鑷宸辩殑鍊︿箯锛屾垜鐨勫弻瓒充勘宸茬儥鍗
I have no one to meet
姝ゅ湴鏃犱汉鍙閬
And the ancient empty streets too dead for dreaming.
鍙よ繙鏃峰簾鐨勮楅亾鍙堣繃浠芥诲瘋锛屼笉瀹滄ⅵ鎯
Hey! Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me,
鍢匡紒閾冮紦鍏堢敓锛屽煿纰т负鎴戝忎竴鏇
Im not sleepy and there is no place Im going to.
鎴戝皻鏈鍏ョ湢锛屼笖鏃犲勫彲褰
Hey! Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me,
鍢匡紒閾冮紦鍏堢敓锛屼负鎴戝忎竴鏇
In the jingle jangle morning Ill come followin you.
鍦ㄨ繖閾块數浣滃搷鐨勬棭鏅ㄨ╂垜涓庝綘鍚屽幓
Take me on a trip upon your magic swirlin ship,
甯︽垜鐧讳笂浣犻瓟鏍锋丁婕╃殑甯嗚埞寮濮嬫梾绋嬪惂
My senses have been stripped, my hands cant feel to grip,
鎴戠殑鐭ヨ夊凡琚鍓ュ幓锛屾垜鐨勫弻鎵嬫棤娉曟彙绱
My toes too numb to step, wait only for my boot heels
瓒宠毒楹绘湪闅句互璧锋ワ紝浠呬粎绛夊緟鎴戠殑闈磋窡
To be wanderin.
娓歌崱寰樺緤
Im ready to go anywhere, Im ready for to fade
鏃犺哄備綍鎴戝凡鍑嗗囩诲幓锛屾垜宸茬粡鎵撶畻娑堝け
Into my own parade, cast your dancing spell my way,
鍖胯韩鑷宸辩殑琛屼紞锛屽规垜鏂戒笅浣犵殑鑸炲拻铔婃儜鎴戠殑閬撹矾鍚
I promise to go under it.
鎴戜竴瀹氬眻浠庡畠鐨勯瓟鍔
Hey! Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me,
鍢匡紒閾冮紦鍏堢敓锛屼负鎴戝忎竴鏇
Im not sleepy and there is no place Im going to.
鎴戝皻鏈鍏ョ湢锛屼笖鏃犲勫彲褰
Hey! Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me,
鍢匡紒閾冮紦鍏堢敓锛屼负鎴戝忎竴鏇
In the jingle jangle morning Ill come followin you.
鍦ㄨ繖閾块數浣滃搷鐨勬棭鏅ㄨ╂垜涓庝綘鍚屽幓
Though you might hear laughin, spinnin, swingin madly
灏界′綘涔熻稿惉瑙佺瑧澹帮紝鏃嬭浆钁椼佺柉鐙傚湴鎽嗚崱锛
across the sun,
瓒婅繃鐑堥槼
Its not aimed at anyone, its just escapin on the run
閭e苟涓嶉拡瀵逛换浣曚汉锛屽彧鏄婕闀胯矾閫旈稿嚭鐨勫0鍝
And but for the sky there are no fences facin.
鑻ラ潪涓轰簡钃濆ぉ锛屼篃涓嶄細鏈夊洿澧欓樆鎸
And if you hear vague traces of skippin reels of rhyme
瑕佹槸浣犺繕鍚瑙佹ā绯婄殑鍗拌抗锛岄煹鑴氳烦璺冩枟閰嶆棆杞
To your tambourine in time, its just a ragged clown behind,
涓庝綘鐨勯搩榧撳敱鍜岋紝閭e彧鏄璺熷湪韬鍚庯紝涓涓琛h~瑜磋涚殑灏忎笐
I wouldnt pay it any mind, its just a shadow youre
鎴戝苟涓嶅湪鎰忥紝浠栨崟鎹夌殑锛屽彧鏄
Seein that hes chasing.
浣犵溂涓鐨勪竴鎶瑰奖瀛
Hey! Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me,
鍢匡紒閾冮紦鍏堢敓锛屼负鎴戝忎竴鏇
Im not sleepy and there is no place Im going to.
鎴戝皻鏈鍏ョ湢锛屼笖鏃犲勫彲褰
Hey! Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me,
鍢匡紒閾冮紦鍏堢敓锛屼负鎴戝忎竴鏇
In the jingle jangle morning Ill come followin you.
鍦ㄨ繖閾块數浣滃搷鐨勬棭鏅ㄨ╂垜涓庝綘鍚屽幓
Then take me disappearin through the smoke rings of my mind,
鐒跺悗甯︽垜娑堝け缃锛岀┛杩囨垜鎰忚瘑涓鐨勭儫鍦
Down the foggy ruins of time, far past the frozen leaves,
娌堝叆鏃跺厜娣卞勯浘姘旀挨姘茬殑搴熷燂紝杩滆繙瓒婅繃鍐诲兊鐨勫瘨鍙
The haunted, frightened trees, out to the windy beach,
绌垮嚭闃存.鎮氭牀鐨勬灄鏈锛屾潵鍒板氶庣殑娌欐哗
Far from the twisted reach of crazy sorrow.
涓庣媯涔变激鎮茬殑鎵鏇茬晫鍩燂紝閬ラ仴闅斿紑
Yes, to dance beneath the diamond sky with one hand waving free
鏄鐨勶紝鍦ㄩ捇鐭崇殑澶╃┖涓嬭捣鑸烇紝涓鍙鎵嬭嚜鍦ㄥ湴鎸ュ憖鎸
Silhouetted by the sea, circled by the circus sands,
渚у奖鍙嶈‖钁楁捣姘达紝鍥涘懆鏄鍦嗗満鐨勯粍娌
With all memory and fate driven deep beneath the waves,
甯﹁憲涓鍒囪板繂涓庡懡杩愶紝涓榻愭綔鍏ョ炕娑岀殑娉㈡稕涔嬩笅
Let me forget about today until tomorrow.
涓旇╂垜蹇樿颁粖鏃ョ洿鍒版槑澶╂潵涓
Hey! Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me,
鍢匡紒閾冮紦鍏堢敓锛屼负鎴戝忎竴鏇
Im not sleepy and there is no place Im going to.
鎴戝皻鏈鍏ョ湢锛屼笖鏃犲勫彲褰
Hey! Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me,
鍢匡紒閾冮紦鍏堢敓锛屼负鎴戝忎竴鏇
In the jingle jangle morning Ill come followin you.
鍦ㄨ繖閾块數浣滃搷鐨勬棭鏅ㄨ╂垜涓庝綘鍚屽幓
椴嶅媰路杩浼︾殑姝 All Along the Watchtower 姝岃瘝鎬庢牱缈昏瘧姣旇緝濂
Jimi Hendrix鐨勫崟鏇层夾ll Along the Watchtower銆:There must be some kind of way out of here锛屾ゅ勫繀鏈夊嚭璺锛宻aid the joker to the thief锛屽皬涓戝瑰皬鍋疯达紝Theres too much confusion锛屾湁澶澶氱殑鍥版儜锛孖 cant get no relief锛屾棤娉曞緱鍒版叞钘夛紝Businessen they drink my wine锛屽晢浜哄枬鎴戠殑閰掞紝Plowman dig my earth锛屽啘姘戞寲鎴戠殑鍦帮紝None will level on the vine锛岄兘娌¤兘瓒呰秺璁ょ煡锛孨obody of it is worth锛屾瘉寰$紦鐞嗚В鍏朵环鍊间綍鍦锛孒ey hey锛屽樋 鍢匡紝No reason to get excited 锛屾病鏈夌悊绾ゆā鐢变护浜哄叴濂嬪晩锛孴he thief he kindly spoke锛屽皬鍋蜂緝渚冭岃皥锛孴here are many here among us锛屾垜浠涓闂存湁璁稿氫汉鍟婏紝鎷嗗惎who feel that life is but a joke锛岃夊緱鐢熸椿鍙鏄涓绗戣瘽锛孊ut uh锛屼絾鏄鍟婏紝but you and I we been through that锛屼絾浣犲拰鎴戦兘鏄杩囨潵浜猴紝And this is not our fate锛岃繖骞朵笉鏄鎴戜滑鐨勫垮懡锛孲o let us not talk falsely now锛屾墍浠ヨ╂垜浠鍒璋璋堜簡锛
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