初中学霸100个经典基础句型总结含解说含例句的答案,初中必背句型100个
我想去上学。2. want sb to do sth 想让某人做某事I want my son to go to school.
我想让我的儿子去上学。3. be different from 与......不同The weather in Beijing is different from that of Nanjing.
北京的天气和南京的不同。4. be the same as
1. want to do sth 想做某事
I want to go to school.
我想去上学。
2. want sb to do sth 想让某人做某事I want my son to go to school.
我想让我的儿子去上学。
3. be different from 与......不同The weather in Beijing is different from that of Nanjing.
北京的天气和南京的不同。
4. be the same as 与……相同His trousers are the same as mine.
他的裤子和我的一样。
5. be friendly to sb 对某人友好Mr. Wang is very friendly to us.
王先生对我们非常友好。
6. welcome to sp 欢迎来到某地Welcome to China.
欢迎来到中国。
7. What’s the matter with sb/sth? 某人/某物出什么毛病了?What’s the matter with your watch?
你的手表怎么了?
8. what to do 做什么We don’t know what to do next.
我们不知道接下来要做什么。
9. let sb do sth 让某人做某事Let him enter the room.
让他进入房间。
10. let sb not do sth 让某人不做某事Let him not stand in the rain.
让他不要站在雨中。
11. why don’t you do sth? 你怎么不做某事呢?Why don’t you play football with us?
你怎么不和我们踢足球呢?
12. why not do sth? 怎么不做某事呢?Why not play football with us?
为什么不和我们踢足球呢?
13. make sb sth 为某人制造某物My father made me a kite.
我爸爸给我做了一个风筝。
14. make sth for sb 为某人制造某物My father made a kite for me.
我爸爸给我做了一个风筝。
15. What do you mean by doing sth?你做……是什么意思?What do you mean by doing that?
你做那件事情是什么意思?
16. like doing sth 喜爱做某事Jim likes swimming.
吉姆喜欢游泳。
17. like to do sth 想去做某事He doesn’t like to swim now.
他现在不想去游泳。
18. feel like doing sth 想要做某事I feel like eating bananas.
我想要吃香蕉。
19. would like to do sth 想要做某事Would you like to go rowing with me?
你想要和我一起去划船吗?
20. would like sb to do sth 想要某人做某事I’d like you to stay with me tonight.
我想你今晚和我待在一起。
21. make sb do sth 使某人做某事His brother often makes him stay in the sun.
他哥哥经常让他晒太阳。
22. let sb do sth 让某人做某事Let me sing a song for you.
让我为你唱支歌吧。
23. have sb do sth 使某人做某事You shouldn’t have the students work so hard.
你不应该让学生这么努力学习。
24. be far from sp 离某地远His school is far from his home.
他的学校离他家远。
25. be near to sp 离某地近The hospital is near to the post office.
医院离邮局很近。
26. be good at sth/doing sth 擅长某事/做某事We are good at English.
我们擅长英语。
They are good at boating.
他们擅长划船。
27. It takes sb some time to do sth 做某事花费某人多长时间It took me more than a year to learn to draw a beautiful horse in five minutes.
学会在五分钟内画一匹漂亮的马花了我一年多的时间。
28. sb spends some time/money (in )doing sth 某人花一些时间/钱做某事I spent twenty years(in)writing the novel.
我花了20年写这部小说。
29. sb spends some time/money on sth 某人花一些时间/钱在某事/物上Jim spent 1000 yuan on the bike.
吉姆花了1000元买这辆自行车。
30. sth costs sb some money 某物花了某人一些钱The bike cost Jim 1000 yuan.
这辆行车花了吉姆1000元。
31. sb pays some money for sth 某人为某物付了一些钱Jim paid 1000 yuan for the bike.
吉姆花了1000元买这辆自行车。
32. begin/start sth with sth 伴随......开始做某事The started the meeting with a song.
伴随着一首歌,我们开始了会议。
33. be going to do sth 打算做某事We are going to study in Japan.
我们打算去日本学习。
34. call A B 叫A BThey called the village Gumtree.
他们叫这个村庄桉树。
35. thank sb for sth/doing sth 感谢某人做某事Thank you for your help/helping me.
感谢你的帮助。
36. What…for? 为什么?What do you learn English for?
你为什么学英语?
37. How/ what about doing sth?做某事怎么样?How about going fishing?
去钓鱼怎么样?
38. S be the 最高级 of/in短语Lucy is the tallest in her class.
露西在她班里是最高的。
39. S be 比较级 than any other nLucy is taller than any other student in her class.
露西在班里比其他任何一个学生都高。
40. have to do sth 不得不/必须做某事I have to go home now.
我现在必须要回家了。
41. had better do sth 最好做某事You’d better study English hard.
你最好努力学习英语。
42. had better not do sth 最好别做某事You’d better not stay up.
你最好不要熬夜。
43. help sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事Lucy often helps Lily to wash her clothes.
露西经常帮助莉莉她的洗衣服。
44. help sb do st 帮助某人做某事He usually helps me learn English.
他经常帮助我学习英语。
45. help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事I sometimes help my mother with the housework.
我有时帮助我的妈妈做家务。
46. make it 时间 把时间定在......Let’s make it 8:30.
让我们把时间定在8:30吧。
47. take sb to sp 带某人到某地Mr. Wang will take us to the Summer Palace next Sunday.
下周日,王先生将带我们去颐和园。
49. have nothing to do (with sb)与某人没有关系That has nothing to do with me.
那和我没有关系。
50. 主语 don’t think 从句 ......认为……不……I don’t think it will rain tomorrow.
我认为明天不会下雨。
51. It’s adj for sb to do sth 做某事对某人来说怎么样It is lucky for you to go to London.
去伦敦对你来说是幸运的。
52. How adj/adv 主 谓!......多么…...啊!How beautiful the flower is!
这朵花多么漂亮啊!
53. what a/an adj [c] 主 谓!What an beautiful flower it is!
它是多么漂亮的一朵花啊!
54. What adj pl/[u] 主 谓!What bad weather it is today!
今天天气多么糟糕啊!
55. find it adj to do sth 发现做某事如何I find it hard to speak English well.
我发现说好英语很难。
56. ask sb for sth 向某人要某物They often ask me for money.
他们经常向我要钱。
57. need to do sth 需要做某事You need to study hard.
你需要努力学习。
58. need sth 需要某物I don’t need your money.
我不需要你的钱。
59. use sth to do sth 用某物来做某事We use pens to write.
我们用钢笔写字。
60. show sb sth 给某人看某物Please show me the map.
请给我看看地图。
61. show sth to sb 把某物给某人看Please show the map to me.
请把地图给我看看。
62. pass sb sth 把某物递给某人Pass me the cup of tea.
递给我咖啡。
63. pass sth to sb 把某物递给某人Pass the cup of tea to me.
把咖啡递给我。
64. buy sb sth 为某人买某物Mother bought me a bike.
妈妈给我买了一辆自行车。
65. buy sth for sb 为某人买某物Mother bought a bike for me.
妈妈给我买了一辆自行车。
66. give sb sth 把某物给某人Jim gave me an English dictionary.
吉姆给我一本英语字典。
67. give sth to sb 把某物给某人Jim gave an English dictionary to me.
吉姆给我一本英语字典。
68. get to sp 达到某地I got to Beijing on the morning of May 1st.
5月1日早晨我到了北京。
69. arrive at/in sp 达到某地I arrived in Beijing on the morning of May 1st.
5月1日早晨我到了北京。
70. reach sp 达到某地I reached Beijing on the morning of May 1st.
5月1日早晨我到了北京。
71. hope to do sth 希望某人做某事I hope to see you soon.
我希望不久见到你。
72. there is sth wrong with sth/sb 某物/某人出毛病了There is something wrong my car.
我的车出了毛病。
73. sth is wrong with……某物出毛病了Something is wrong with my car.
我的车出了毛病。
74. How do you like sth? 你认为……怎么样?How do you like Beijing?
你认为北京怎么样?
75.What do you think of sth? 你认为……怎么样?What do you think of Beijing?
你认为北京怎么样?
76. start doing sth 开始做某事I started learning English in 1983.
我在1983年开始学习英语。
77. start to do sth 开始做某事I started to watch TV after finishing my homework.
完成作业后我开始看电视。
78. finish doing sth 完成做某事I finished cleaning my car just now.
我刚才清洗了我的车。
79. enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事They all enjoy living and working in China.
他们都喜欢在中国生活和工作。
80. what else… 别的什么What else do you want to buy?
你还想买别的什么吗?
81. forget doing sth 忘记做过某事(已做)I forgot turning off the lights. Look, it is dark in the room.
我忘记关过灯了。看,房间里黑着。
82. forget to do sth 忘了做某事(未做)I forgot to turn off the lights. Could you go back and shut them off?
我忘记关灯了。你能回去关上吗?
83. remember doing sth 记得做过某事(已做)I remembered returning your money. You are so forgetful.
我记得还给你钱了。你是如此健忘。
84. remember to do sth 记住做某事(未做)Remember to bring me some money tomorrow.
记得明天给我带一些钱来。
85. stop to do sth 停下来去做另一件事He stopped to talk with Mary when she entered the office.
当玛丽走进办公室时,他停下来和她谈话。
86. stop doing sth 停止正在做的事The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.
当老师进来的时候,学生们停止了谈论。
87. watch/see/hear sb do sth 观看/看见/听见某人做了某事I saw you pick an apple just now.
刚才,我看见你捡起了一个苹果。
88. watch/see/hear sb doing sth 观看/看见/听见某人在做某事I saw you playing basketball with your classmates on the playground then.
那时,我看到你正和你的同学们在操场上踢足球。
89. go on doing sth 继续做同一件事He went on reading after a short rest.
在短暂的休息后,他继续读书。
90. go on to do sth 继续做另一件事He went on to read after finishing wash the dishes.
在洗完盘子后,他继续阅读。
91. go on with sth 继续某事He went on with his work after a short rest.
在短暂的休息后,他继续他的工作。
92. say hello/goodbye to sb 向某人打招呼/告别I came to say goodbye to you.
我来是和你告别的。
93. be busy doing sth 忙于做某事They are busy planting trees on the hill.
他们正忙着在山上植树。
94. be interested in sth 对某事感兴趣We are all interested in English.
我们都对英语感兴趣。
95. tell sb to do sth 让某人做某事Mother told me to go shopping with her.
妈妈让我和她去购物。
96. ask sb to do sth 请某人做某事Jim ask me to go rowing with him.
吉姆请我和他去划船。
97. call/ring sb up 给某人打电话I will call you up tommow.
我明天会给你打电话。
98. be ready to do sth 准备好做某事We are ready to have lunch.
我们准备好吃午饭。
99. go doing sth 去做某事Let’s go fishing.
让我们去钓鱼吧。
100. prefer(doing)A to(doing)B 比起(做)B来更喜欢(做)ALucy prefers English to French.
比起法语来,我更喜欢英语。
I prefer staying at home to going to the cinema.
比起去看电影来,我更喜欢待在家里。
初一初二英语句型归纳总结
初一初二学习过的英语句型特别多,同学们整理起来会比较麻烦,为此,以下是我分享给大家的初一初二英语句型归纳,希望可以帮到你!初一初二英语句型归纳
Unit 1 Whats the matter?
1. Whats the matter with you?
= Whatthe trouble with you?
= Whats wrong with you?
你怎么了?
2. What should she do?
她该怎么办呢?
3.Should I take my temperature?
我应该量一下体温吗?
4.You should lie down and rest.
你应该躺下休息一会儿。
5. Do you think it comes from a newspaper or a book?
你认为它是来自报纸还是书呢?
6. I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving.
我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐得太久了。
7. She said that the man had a heart problem and should go to the hospital.
她说这个人有心脏病应该去医院。
Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks.
1. The boy could give out food at the food bank.
这个男孩可以在食品救济站分发食物。
2. Clean-Up Day is only two weeks from now.
清洁日离现在仅仅两周的时间。
3. He volunteers at an animal hospital every Saturday morning.
每周六上午,他都在一家动物医院当志愿者。
4. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
去年,她决定去参加一个课外阅读项目的志愿者的选拔。
5.You can see in their eyes that theyre going on a different journey with each new book.
从他们的眼睛里你可以看到他们正在进行每本不同的新书之旅。
6. I want to put off my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer.
我想把我在动物医院工作的计划推迟到明年夏天。
7. Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs to make lots of money.
现在的大部分人只是为找一份能挣许多钱的好工作而着急。
8. You helped to make it possible for me to have Luck.
在你的帮助下,我才有可能拥有“幸运儿”。
Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?
1.Could you please clean your room?
你能整理一下你的房间吗?
2. I have to do some work.
我必须干些活。
3. Could I use your computer?
我可以用一下你的电脑吗?
4. She wont be happy if she sees this mess.
如果她看到这样乱七八糟的话,她会不高兴的。
5. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I.
整整一周,她什么家务活都不干了,我也一样。
6. My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV .
我一在电视机前坐下,我妈妈就过来了。
7. I hate to do chores.
我不喜欢做杂务。
Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to your parents?
1. I studied until mid night last night so I did nt get enough sleep.
我昨晚学习到半夜所以睡眠不足。
2. Why dont you forget about it?
你为什么不忘掉它呢?
3. Although shes wrong , it,s not a big deal.
虽然她错了,但这并不是什么大事儿。
4. He should talk to his friend so that he can say hes sorry.
他应该跟朋友谈谈以便他能说声对不起。
5. Maybe you could go to his house.
也许你可以去他家。
6. I guess I could, but I dont want to surprise him.
我想我可以.但我不想让他感到惊讶。
Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?
1. — What were you doing at eight last night?
昨晚8点你在干什么?
— I was taking a shower.
我在洗淋浴。
2. When it began to rain, Ben was helping his mom make dinner.
当开始下雨的时候,本正在帮他妈妈做晚饭。
3. — What was Jenny doing while Linda was sleeping?
琳达在睡觉的时候,珍妮正在干什么?
— While Linda was sleeping, Jenny was helping Mary with her homework.
琳达在睡觉的时候,珍妮正在帮玛丽做作业。
Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains.
1.So what do you think about the story of Yu Gong?
你觉得愚公的故事怎么样?
2. It doesnt seem very possible to move a mountain.
把一座山给移掉好像不太可能。
3.This is because he can make 72 changes to his shape and size, turning himself into different animals and objects.
这是因为他会根据他的形状和大小,做出72种变化,可以将自己变成不同的动物或东西。
4.Sometimes he can make the stick so small that he can keep it in his ear.
有时候,他能够让他的金箍棒变得很小,以至于可以放在耳朵里。
5.Because they were so big that it took a long time to walk to the other side.
这些(山)太高了,他们要花好长时间才能翻越过去。
6.Dont eat it until you get to the forest.
你们到达森林之后才能吃。
Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain in the world?
1.It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top.
当你接近山顶时,连呼吸都会困难。
2.One of the main reasons is because people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties.
其中的一个主要的原因是人们想要在面临困难时挑战自己。
3.The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams.
这些登山者的精神向我们证明:我们永远都不应该放弃实现自己的梦想。
4. How high is Qomolangma?
珠穆朗玛峰有多高?
5. Although Japan is older than Canada,it is much smaller.
虽然日本比加拿大有更悠久的历史,但是日本比加拿大小多了。
6.Adult pandas spend more than 12 hours a day eating about 10 kilos of bamboo.
成年大熊猫一天要花1 2 个多小时的时间吃大约十千克竹子。
Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?
1.— Have you read little Women yet?
你读过《小妇人》吗?
— Yes,I have. /No,I havent.
是的,我读过。/ 不,我没有。
2. — Has Tina read Treasure Island yet?
蒂娜读过《金银岛》这本书吗?
— Yes, she has. She thinks i t s fantastic.
是的,她读过。她觉得它很棒。
3. Would you like something to drink?
你要来点喝的吗?
4. I heard you lost your key.
我听说你丢钥匙了。
5.She came to realize how much she actually missed all of them.
她开始意识到,事实上她是多么想念他们所有的人。
Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum?
1. Have you ever been to a science museum?
你曾经去过科学博物馆吗?
2.Lets go somewhere different today.
我们今天去过不同的地方吧。
3. Its unbelievable that technology has progressed in such a rapid way.
科技以如此速猛的方式发展真是令人难以置信啊!
4. Whether you like Indian food, Western food or Japanese food, you,ll find it all in Singapore!
不管你喜欢印度食品,西方食品还是日本食品,在新加坡你都能找到!
5.One great thing about Singapore is that the temperature is almost the same all year round.
新加坡一个很大的特征是它的气温几乎一年到头都是一样的。
6. It is best to visit Singapore.
最好游览新加坡
Unit 10 I’ve had this bike for three years.
1. Have long have you had that bike over there?
那边的那辆自行车你买了多久了?
2. Amy has had her favorite book for three years .
艾米拥有她最喜欢的书3年了。
3. He has owned it since his fourth birthday.
自他四岁生日起,他拥有这个东西了。
4. Some people still live in their hometown. However, others may only see it once or twice a year.
有些人依然住在家乡,然而,另一些人可能一年只能回家乡一两次。
5. As for me ,I did not want to give up my football shirts,but to be honest, I have not played for a while now.
至于我,我不想放弃我的足球衣,但是,说实在的,我现在已经有一段时间没有踢球了。
6. Have you ever thought about having a yard sale to sell your things?
你是否曾经想过要举办,一个庭院拍卖会来出售东西?
7. What would you do with the memory you raise?
你会怎样处理你所筹集到得钱?
初中英语学习建议
1.单词的记忆。
其实英语的学习历来都把单词的学习作为重点,初中也不例外。我们一定要记住,单词记忆切忌孤立地,单纯地背诵单词。我们中学最习惯的背诵方法就是背拼写,比如what这个单词我们一般都是这么背what what,这样只是记住了几个孤立的字母而并没有记住单词,过不了几天就会把这个单词忘掉。那么我们就要把单词放在一个整体或者环境中背诵,比如我们不如记住下面一句话:What is your name?(你的名字叫什么)那么就不容易忘掉了。也就是说每记一个单词都要相应地记住用这个单词在内的一个例句,因为单词的意思只能在句子中体现,有意思我们才不容易忘掉,而孤立的无意思的不容易记住。另外记忆单词要利用一切可能的办法去记住,比如分类记忆:我们把动物的有关词汇放在一起,把有关校园的有关词汇放在一起,或者天文,地理,等等。当然我们也可以利用谐音的方法自己编写些小段子记住单词。
2.语法的学习。
初中是开始学习系统语法知识的重要阶段。这阶段语法学习好了,以后语法就会感到很轻松。首先应该明确是初中的时候我们学习的更多的是词法而不是句法,因为毕竟从简单开始吧,就算是中考题也基本上没有多少句法的题,所以初中一定要把重心放在词法上,就是名词,介词,冠词,代词,形容词等上面,而这些东西是最零碎的也是最头疼的,我们就更要有细心和耐心。建议每学习一个语法点,在学校教室里抄过一遍笔记后,回家静下心来,再重新整理一遍笔记,去粗取精,这其实是回顾温习的过程,并且要做好分类,不同重要程度的或者难易程度的要用不同的颜色区别对待,并时常翻阅。此外课堂上的语法知识往往和教材同步而并不系统,我们还可以再有一本语法书籍,甚至可以买高中语法,这样有知识的拓展。
3.文章的学习。
现在的教材文章普遍较难。所以阅读文章难度是相当大的。学生在学习文章前一定要预习老师即将要讲的内容,事先把自己认为比较难的单词语法和句子划出来,这样就可以有的放矢。课本上的文章一定要精读,不能说看懂了就可以,而是要把每一个重要的单词和句子都要吃透。同时对文章中的经典词汇和段落要记笔记,甚至要会背诵,为后面的写作打基础。加强英语学习,阅读是重点,课堂上的文章太过教条和局限,可能缺乏生动性和乐趣性。因此课后也要多读些课外文章。建议读些国内出版的浅显的英语文章,比如象“英语沙龙初级版”英汉对照着看,一定会有兴趣和提高。
4.写作的学习。
写作学习请大家牢牢记住下面两句话。“读书破万卷,下笔如有神”,“熟读唐诗三百首,不会做诗也会吟”,强大的阅读功底是写出好文章的保证,只有输入得多了才能输出得多,因此一定要多读课外文章还有精读文章。在具体联系方面,我们并不需要写太多字数的文章。因为初中生的作文并不需要写太复杂的句子。仅仅是简单句子的结合,所以说中学生的作文不叫真正意义上的作文,而是叫写话。所以鉴于上述,我觉得英汉互译写句子是最好的写作文的方法,把每句话成功的写出来,再结合起来就是一篇好的作文了。
初中英语学习方法
1.词汇过关。
无单词,不英语!记单词时首先要会读,一般会读就会写,把读音和拼写合二为一,轻松背单词。记得背新单词时先复习一下上次背过的,常反复常巩固才能变成长久记忆。
2.课文过关。
朗读课文.背诵课文是培养语感.消化巩固语法和词汇的有效途径!每天坚持8--10分钟朗读背诵.日积月累.坚持不懈!
3.语法过关。
语法是规则,按规则出牌,练习分分钟搞定!语法就如数学公式,背--例句--练习!一定要养成多次反复看笔记,记规则的学习习惯。
4.操练过关。
练习,作业是检验学习效果的必要手段。学会思考.学会分析.及时纠错.反复练习.逐步提高。
5.坚持阅读 课外拓展 锦上添花
平时的练习,阅读中遇到生词.短语.好句要善于积累。课外积累本是你超越对手的好帮手!
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由于这些东西太多,我一天只能给你写一个板块。希望你能理解第一讲:虚拟语气
一、英语中有三种语气:陈述语气,疑问语气,虚拟语气。
二、虚拟语气的学习重点: 1. 虚拟语气的在条件句中的基本用法和四个基本情态动词的用法。 2. 虚拟语气的倒装。(if省略,条件句中中有had,should,were)。 3. 两种错综虚拟语气。 4. 含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气。 5. 过去的计划,打算,愿望等未曾实现时的虚拟语气。 6. 特殊句型中的虚拟语气:两个。重点为wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气及asif和asthough从句中虚拟语气的表示法。 7. 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用。即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的名词性从句。
三、相关时态 主句形式 从句形式 例句 与现在事实相反 Shouldwouldcouldmight+do(动词原形) 过去式(be动词各人称都用were) IfIwereyou,Ishouldwouldmakefulluseofmytimetostudy. 与过去事实相反 Shouldwouldcouldmight+havedone(动词过去分词) Had+done(过去分词) Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim. 与将来事实相反 Shouldwouldcouldmight+do(动词原形) 1. 过去式(be动词各人称都用were) 2. should+动词原形 3. wereto+动词原形 Ifitshouldraintomorrow,thecropswouldbesaved.
四、★★★注意四个情态动词的用法: 1.若表示在某一假设的条件下,必然而然就会发生某事,第一人称可用should或would,而二、三人称只用would. 2.若表示在某一假设条件下就能够干某事,各人称都用could. 3.如果表示在某种假设条件下有可能会发生某事,各人称都用might.
五、请看典型考题:__________youraddress,Iwouldhavewrittentoyou. A.DidIknow B.WereItoknow C.HadIknown D.IfIshouldknow 此题应选C。这是虚拟语气的倒装形式。当虚拟条件句中含有were,had,should,could等动词时,可以将if省略,然后将were,had,should,could等词移至句首: 1.Ifheshouldfail,hewouldkillhimself.→Shouldhefail,hewouldkillhimself.万一失败,他就会自杀。 2.IfIwereyou,Iwoulddoitatonce.→WereIyou,Iwoulddoitatonce.假若我是你,我就会马上做。 3.IfIcoulddoit,Iwould.→CouldIdoit,Iwould.要是我能做此事,我一定会做。 4.Ifhehadseenyouyesterday,hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit. →Hadheseenyouyesterday,hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.他昨天要是看到了你,他就会问你这事了。 注意:顺便说一句,以上移至句首的had不一定是助动词,如果是实义动词也可倒装: 5.Ifhehadmoney,hewouldbuyacar.Hadhemoney,hewouldbuyacar.他要是有钱,他就会买一辆小车。 将下列倒装句恢复正常: (省略if的虚拟语气)a.Wereitnotforthefactthatyouareill,Iwouldgiveyouagoodbeating. 要不是因为你有病这一事实,我就会狠揍你一顿。 b.Hadheaskedme,Iwouldhavegivenhimmyadvice.要是他请求我的话,我就会给他建议的。 c.Wereittosnowtomorrow,thehunterwouldnotgohunting.万一明天下雪,猎人就不去打猎了。
六、常见的两种错综虚拟语气: 1.从句与过去事实相反相成,而主句与现在事实相反。例如: IfyouhadnotbeenstrictwithmewhenIwasyoung,Icouldnotbesuchasuccessfulpersonnow.如果我年轻时你没有对我严格要求的话,我现在就不可能是这么成功的一个人。(这种虚拟语气的特点是主句中常含有时间准状语now或nowadays) 2.Shouldanyonecomeandaskforme,tellthemIwillcomebacktomorrow.万一有人来找我,告诉他们我明天回来。(主句为祈使句,条件句与将来事实相反,表示说话人认为某件事情发生的可能性很小。) ★★★过去的计划打算愿望等未曾实现时的虚拟语气 1.表过去愿望未曾实现时,常用wouldliketohavedonesth.或wouldhavelikedtodosth.(前者常用) Iwouldliketohavegonetothecelebration,butIcouldn’tgetaway.我本来想参加庆祝会,但未能脱开身。 2.表示过去本来该干某事但没有干时,用shouldoughttohavedonesth.若表示本来不该干但却干了某事时,用shouldnotoughtnottohavedonesth. Thecriminalshouldhavetoldthetruth,butherefusedto.那罪犯本来应该说出实情,但他不肯说。 3.表示过去本来有能力干某事,但未能干成时用couldhavedonesth. Icouldhavelentyouthemoney,butyoudidnotturntomeforhelp.我本来能借给你那笔钱,但你没有向我求助。 4.表示过去本来有可能干某事,但未能干成时用mighthavedonesth. Youmighthavebeenchosen,butyougaveupthechance.你本来有可能被选上的,但你放弃了那个机会。 5.表示过去本来愿意干某事,但未能干成时用wouldhavedonesth. Thecookwouldhavehelpedyou,buthiswifestoppedhim.那厨师本来愿意帮助你,但他妻子制止了他。 6.hope,want,expect,plan等动词表示过去愿望、计划、打算等未曾实现时,把谓语动词用成过去完成时或把它们后面的不定式用成完成式。 Ihadhopedtobecomeapoet,butIturnedteacherinstead.我本希望当个诗人,但我却当了老师。 Ihopedtohavebecomeapoet,butIturnedteacherinstead. Myplaymatehopedtohaveenteredakeyuniversitylastyear,buthiswishdidn’tcometrue. 我的伙伴本打算进入一个重点大学,但他的梦想没能实现。 7.betodosth.句型表示过去计划安排未曾实现时,用wasweretohavedonesth结构. TheEuropeantouristsweretohavearrivedbyten,buttheywerecaughtinashoweranddelayed. 那些欧洲的游客本来10点到达,但他们遇上了阵雨,被推迟了。 Thebuildingwastohavebeencompletedbytheendoflastmonth,buttheplanfailed. 这栋楼本来计划上个月底建完,但计划失败了。 (二)宾语从句用虚拟语气的10种类型 1、Iwish后的宾语从句(略) Wewishhedidn’tsmoke.我们希望他不吸烟。 Iwishpriceswouldcomedown.我希望物价能降下来。 Iwishthetrainwouldcome.我希望火车会来。 2、表示“坚持”后的宾语从句 主要是指insist的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如: Iinsistedthathe(should)stay.我坚持要他留下。 HeinsistedthatI(should)gowiththem.他坚持要我同他们一起去。 Roseinsistedthathebepresent.罗斯坚持要他出席。 Thedetectiveinsistedthatheshouldhavealook.警探坚持要查看。 注意:动词insist后接宾语从句时,除可用虚拟语气外,也可用陈述语气,两者的区别是:若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生,或尚未成为事实,则用虚拟语气;若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生,或已经成为事实,则要用陈述语气。比较: HeinsistedthatIhadreadhisletter.他坚持说我看过他的信。 HeinsistedthatIshouldreadhisletter.他坚持要我看他的信。 3、表示“命令”后的宾语从句 主要是指order,command的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如: Heorderedthatit(should)besentback.他命令把它送回去。 Thejudgeorderedthattheprisonershouldberemanded.法官命令被告还押。 TheKingorderedthatthemanbereleased.国王命令释放那人。 Hecommandedthatwe(should)attackatonce.他命令我们立即发起进攻。 4、表示“建议”后的宾语从句 主要是指advise,suggest,propose,recommend等的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如: Hesuggestedthatweshouldleaveearly.他建议我们早点动身。 Thedoctoradvisedthathechangehisjob.医生劝他换工作。 Theyrecommendthatthistaxbeabolished.他们建议取消这种税。 Isuggestthatwe(should)havelunchrightnow.我建议我们现在就吃午饭。 Thecommitteeproposed(that)Mr.Daybeelected.委员会建议推选戴先生。 Thedoctoradvised[suggested]thathe(should)notsmoke.医生建议他不要抽烟。 Iproposethatthematterbeputtothevoteatonce.我提议对此问题立刻进行表决。 HeproposedthatMr.O’Learybethechairman.他提议奥列利先生担任主席。 ShesuggestedthatI(should)beresponsibleforthearrangements.她建议我来负责进行安排。 注意:与动词insist相似,动词suggest后接宾语从句时,除可用虚拟语气外,也可用陈述语气,两者的区别也是:若谓语动词所表示的情况尚未成为事实,则用虚拟语气,此时suggest通常译为“建议”;若谓语动词所表示的情况为既成事实,则要用陈述语气,此时的suggest通常译为“表明”、“认为”。比较并体会: Hesuggestedthatwe(should)stayfordinner.他建议我们留下吃饭。 Whathesaidsuggestedthathewasacheat.他说的话表明他是个骗子。 Isuggestedthatyouhadasecretunderstandingwithhim.我觉得你与他心照不宣。 5、表示“要求”后的宾语从句 9、表示“希望”“打算”后的宾语从句 主要是指动词desire,intend后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美语中通常省略。 Shedesiresthathedoit.她希望他做此事。 Theyintendedthatthenews(should)besuppressed.他们打算封锁这条消息。 Idesirethepatientshouldhaveabatheveryday.我希望病人每天洗澡。 10、表示“指示”后的宾语从句 主要是指动词direct后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。 Thegeneraldirectedthattheprisonersshouldbesetfree.将军指示释放那些俘虏。 (三)表语从句和同位语从句 有些名词引起的表语从句或同位语从句中,谓语动词须用动词原形或should+do的形式。 这些名词包括: advice(忠告)、decision(决定)、demand(要求)、desire(渴望)、idea(想法)、 motion(提议)、necessity(必要性)、order(命令)、plan(计划)、preference(偏爱)、 proposal(建议)、recommendation(推荐)、requirement(要求)、suggestion(建议)等。 例句13:HisproposalisthatweturnoffTVforhalfanhoureveryday.他建议我们每天少看半个小时的电视。 特别提示:从以上的各类从句中我们可以得到以下的推论,即当一个动词后面的宾语从句中要使用(should)+do的虚拟语气形式时,则可推理出用法相同的一组从句。以动词advise为例: (1)Iadvisethatwestayandwaithere.(动词后的宾语从句) (2)Itisadvisedthatwestayhere.(Itis+动词的过去分词+that引导的主语从句) (3)Itisadvisablethatwestayhere.(Itis+由该动词转换的形容词+that引导的主语从句) (4)Myadviceisthatwestayhere.(由该动词转换的名词后的表语从句) (5)Iofferedtheadvicethatwestayhere.(由该动词转换的名词后的同位语从句) (6)Ithinkitadvisablethatwestayhere.(由该动词转换的形容词作宾语补足语,it为形式宾语,真正的宾语从句中使用虚拟语气) 以上六类从句中所使用的都为(should)+do的虚拟语气形式。
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