核现象中的中子能转化成什么?「核言碎语247中子的性质」

178 中子的性质

Properties of the Neutron

（https://www.nuclear-power.com/）

中子的性质

Key properties of neutrons are summarized below:

中子的主要性质总结如下:

Mean square radius of a neutron is ~ 0.8 x 10-15m (0.8 fermi)中子的均方半径为~ 0.8 x 10-^15m（0.8费米）The mass of the neutron is 939.565 MeV/c2中子的质量为939.565 MeV/c^2Neutrons are ½ spin particles – fermionic statistics中子是½自旋粒子-费米统计Neutrons are neutral particles – no net electric charge.中子是中性粒子，不带净电荷。Neutrons have a non-zero magnetic moment.中子的磁矩非零。Free neutrons (outside a nucleus) are unstable and decay via beta decay. The decay of the neutron involves the weak interaction and is associated with a quark transformation (a down quark is converted to an up quark).自由中子（在原子核之外）是不稳定的，通过贝塔衰变进行衰变。中子的衰变涉及弱相互作用，并与夸克转换有关（下夸克转换为上夸克）。The mean lifetime of a free neutron is 882 seconds (i.e., the half-life is 611 seconds ).自由中子的平均寿命为882秒（即半衰期为611秒）。A natural neutron background of free neutrons exists everywhere on Earth. It is caused by muons produced in the atmosphere, where high-energy cosmic rays collide with particles of Earth’s atmosphere.地球上到处都存在着自由中子的天然中子背景。它是由大气中产生的μ子引起的，高能宇宙射线与地球大气中的粒子相撞。Neutrons cannot directly cause ionization. Neutrons ionize matter only indirectly.中子不能直接引起电离。中子只是间接地使物质电离。Neutrons can travel hundreds of feet in the air without any interaction. Neutron radiation is highly penetrating.中子可以在没有任何相互作用的情况下在空中飞行数百英尺。中子辐射的穿透力很强。Neutrons trigger nuclear fission.中子引发核裂变。The fission process produces free neutrons (2 or 3).裂变过程产生自由中子（2或3）。Thermal or cold neutrons have wavelengths similar to atomic spacings. They can be used in neutron diffraction experiments to determine the atomic and/or magnetic structure of a material.热中子或冷中子的波长与原子间距相似。它们可以用于中子衍射实验，以确定材料的原子和/或磁性结构。

自由中子衰变

（待续）